Crypto: ECDH

The ECDH sample demonstrates how to use the PSA Crypto API to perform an Elliptic-curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange using the ECDH algorithm with two 256-bit ECC key pairs. The sample allows two parties (Alice and Bob) to obtain a shared secret through key exchange.

Requirements

The sample supports the following development kits:

Hardware platforms

PCA

Board name

Board target

nRF9161 DK

PCA10153

nrf9161dk

nrf9161dk/nrf9161/ns nrf9161dk/nrf9161

nRF9160 DK

PCA10090

nrf9160dk

nrf9160dk/nrf9160/ns nrf9160dk/nrf9160

nRF9151 DK

PCA10171

nrf9151dk

nrf9151dk/nrf9151/ns nrf9151dk/nrf9151

nRF7120 DK

nrf7120dk

nrf7120dk/nrf7120/cpuapp/ns nrf7120dk/nrf7120/cpuapp

nRF54LV10 DK

PCA10188

nrf54lv10dk

nrf54lv10dk/nrf54lv10a/cpuapp/ns nrf54lv10dk/nrf54lv10a/cpuapp

nRF54LS05 DK

PCA10214

nrf54ls05dk

nrf54ls05dk/nrf54ls05b/cpuapp nrf54ls05dk/nrf54ls05a/cpuapp

nRF54LM20 DK

PCA10184

nrf54lm20dk

nrf54lm20dk/nrf54lm20b/cpuapp/ns nrf54lm20dk/nrf54lm20b/cpuapp nrf54lm20dk/nrf54lm20a/cpuapp/ns nrf54lm20dk/nrf54lm20a/cpuapp

nRF54LC10 DK

PCA10226

nrf54lc10dk

nrf54lc10dk/nrf54lc10a/cpuapp

nRF54L15 DK

PCA10156

nrf54l15dk

nrf54l15dk/nrf54l15/cpuapp/ns nrf54l15dk/nrf54l15/cpuapp

nRF54L15 DK (emulating nRF54L10)

PCA10156

nrf54l15dk

nrf54l15dk/nrf54l10/cpuapp/ns nrf54l15dk/nrf54l10/cpuapp

nRF54L15 DK (emulating nRF54L05)

PCA10156

nrf54l15dk

nrf54l15dk/nrf54l05/cpuapp

nRF54H20 DK

PCA10175

nrf54h20dk

nrf54h20dk/nrf54h20/cpuapp

nRF5340 DK

PCA10095

nrf5340dk

nrf5340dk/nrf5340/cpuapp/ns nrf5340dk/nrf5340/cpuapp

nRF52840 DK

PCA10056

nrf52840dk

nrf52840dk/nrf52840

For more security, it is recommended to use the */ns variant of the board target. When built for this variant, the sample is configured to compile and run as a non-secure application using security by separation. Therefore, it automatically includes Trusted Firmware-M that prepares the required peripherals and secure services to be available for the application.

Overview

The sample enables PSA Crypto API and configures the following Kconfig options for the cryptographic features:

The sample also configures the cryptographic drivers for each board target using Kconfig options in the overlay files in the boards directory.

These Kconfig options are then used by the build system to compile the required cryptographic PSA directives and make the configured cryptographic drivers available at runtime. See Driver selection for more information about this process.

Once built and run, the sample performs the following operations:

  1. Initialization:

    1. The PSA Crypto API is initialized using psa_crypto_init().

    2. Two random 256-bit ECC key pairs are generated using psa_generate_key() and stored in the PSA crypto keystore. The key pairs are configured with usage flags for key derivation.

  2. ECDH key exchange using the generated key pairs:

    1. Public keys are exported using psa_export_public_key().

    2. ECDH key agreement is performed using psa_raw_key_agreement() with the PSA_ALG_ECDH algorithm. This function calculates the shared secret using one party’s private key and the other party’s public key.

    3. The calculated secrets are compared to verify that both parties obtained the same shared secret.

  3. Cleanup:

    1. The ECC key pairs are removed from the PSA crypto keystore using psa_destroy_key().

Building and running

This sample can be found under samples/crypto/ecdh in the nRF Connect SDK folder structure.

For more security, it is recommended to use the */ns variant of the board target (see the Requirements section above.) When built for this variant, the sample is configured to compile and run as a non-secure application using security by separation. Therefore, it automatically includes Trusted Firmware-M that prepares the required peripherals and secure services to be available for the application.

To build the sample, follow the instructions in Building an application for your preferred building environment. See also Programming an application for programming steps and Testing and optimization for general information about testing and debugging in the nRF Connect SDK.

Note

When building repository applications in the SDK repositories, building with sysbuild is enabled by default. If you work with out-of-tree freestanding applications, you need to manually pass the --sysbuild parameter to every build command or configure west to always use it.

Testing

After programming the sample to your development kit, complete the following steps to test it:

  1. Connect to the kit with a terminal emulator (for example, the Serial Terminal app). See Testing and optimization for the required settings and steps.

  2. Build and program the application.

  3. Observe the logs from the application using the terminal emulator. For example, the log output should look like this:

*** Booting nRF Connect SDK v3.1.0-6c6e5b32496e ***
*** Using Zephyr OS v4.1.99-1612683d4010 ***
[00:00:00.251,159] <inf> ecdh: Starting ECDH example...
[00:00:00.251,190] <inf> ecdh: Creating ECDH key pair for Alice
[00:00:00.251,342] <inf> ecdh: ECDH key pair generated successfully!
[00:00:00.251,373] <inf> ecdh: Creating ECDH key pair for Bob
[00:00:00.251,708] <inf> ecdh: ECDH key pair generated successfully!
[00:00:00.251,739] <inf> ecdh: Export Alice's public key
[00:00:00.251,770] <inf> ecdh: ECDH public key exported successfully!
[00:00:00.251,800] <inf> ecdh: Export Bob's public key
[00:00:00.251,831] <inf> ecdh: ECDH public key exported successfully!
[00:00:00.251,861] <inf> ecdh: Calculating the secret value for Alice
[00:00:00.251,892] <inf> ecdh: ECDH secret calculated successfully!
[00:00:00.251,922] <inf> ecdh: Calculating the secret value for Bob
[00:00:00.251,953] <inf> ecdh: ECDH secret calculated successfully!
[00:00:00.251,984] <inf> ecdh: Comparing the secret values of Alice and Bob
[00:00:00.252,014] <inf> ecdh: The secret values of Alice and Bob match!
[00:00:00.252,045] <inf> ecdh: Example finished successfully!